Trifluoroacetic Acid
Trifluoroacetic acid is a corrosive organofluorine compound that is structurally analogous to, but stronger than, acetic acid. Available in various quantities and reagent grades, it is used in NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, organic synthesis, etc.
Almost 100,000-fold more acidic than acetic acid, TFA is widely used in organic chemistry. TFA is used as a reagent in organic synthesis because of its properties: volatility, organic solvent solubility, and acidic strength. It is less oxidizing than sulfuric acid and is more readily available in its anhydrous form than some other acids . Other features include:
- Used in acid-catalyzed reactions, especially peptide synthesis (to cleave esters)
- Dissolves protein when mixed with liquid SO2
- Removes t-butyl derived side-chain protecting groups in Fmoc peptide synthesis
- Can remove the t-butoxycarbonyl protecting group in organic synthesis
- At low concentrations, acts as an ion-pairing agent for peptides and small proteins in organic compound liquid chromatography
- For acid-stable materials, can be a solvent for NMR spectroscopy
- Acts as a calibrant in mass spectrometry
- Used to produce trifluoroacetate salts
- An ingredient in adhesives, sealants, paints, and coatings
When TFA combines with bases and metals, especially light metals, a strong exothermic reaction occurs. When mixed with lithium aluminum hydride (LAH), the reaction is explosive.
Although nonflammable, TFA is corrosive to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes and requires careful use and handling. It is harmful when inhaled, causes severe skin burns and eye damage, and is toxic to aquatic organisms at even low concentrations.
TFA is also a product of the metabolic breakdown of the anesthetic agent halothane. It is the suspected cause of halothane-induced hepatitis.
Medchemexpress LLC MIP-1095 (TFA) | 99.8% | 678.35 | 25 MG
MIP-1095 TFA (RPS-001 TFA) is a potent inhibitor of PSMA, demonstrating good biodistribution and efficient targeting of tumor lesions. It is utilized as an imaging probe to identify and monitor tumor progression, particularly when isotopically labeled with 131I. This labeling results in 131I-MIP-1095 showing higher renal uptake in mice.
- Potent inhibitor of PSMA
- Good biodistribution
- Efficient targeting of tumor lesions
- Can be isotopically labeled as an imaging probe
- Higher renal uptake in mice when labeled with 131I
- Used as an imaging probe to indicate tumor progression
Medchemexpress LLC Cilengitide TFA | 199807-35-7 | 99.92% | 702.68 | 1 ML
Cilengitide is a potent and selective integrin inhibitor for αvβ3 and αvβ5 receptors, with IC50 values of 4 nM and 79 nM, respectively. It functions as an αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin receptor antagonist. In cell adhesion studies, it inhibits integrin-mediated binding to vitronectin with IC50s of 0.4 and 0.4 μM in human melanoma M21 or UCLA-P3 human lung carcinoma cell lines. In vitro, concentrations greater than 1 μM show concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects. In nude mice bearing M21-L melanoma tumors, it demonstrates inhibition of tumor growth with reductions in both tumor volume and tumor weight.
- Potent and selective integrin inhibitor for αvβ3 and αvβ5 receptors.
- Inhibits integrin-mediated binding to vitronectin.
- Exhibits cytotoxic effects in vitro at concentrations greater than 1 μM.
- Inhibits tumor growth in melanoma models.
Medchemexpress LLC Imperatoxin A TFA | 98.7% | 3758.35 (free base) | 1 MG
Imperatoxin A TFA is a peptide toxin derived from the venom of the African scorpion Pandinus imperator. It acts as a Ca2+-release channels/ryanodine receptors (RyRs) activator, enhancing the influx of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cell.
- Purity of 98.65%
- Molecular weight of 3758.35 (free base)
- Appearance as a white to off-white solid
- Soluble in H2O at ≥ 100 mg/mL
Medchemexpress LLC KS-133 (TFA) | 98.95% | 1672.93 | 1 MG
KS-133 TFA is a highly selective and potent antagonist of the vascular active enteropeptide receptor 2 (VIPR2). It reverses the tumor-promoting M2 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages to the anti-tumor M1 phenotype, alters the tumor immune microenvironment, and inhibits tumor growth. It is suitable for research on schizophrenia and cancer immune regulation.
- Highly selective and potent VIPR2 antagonist
- IC50 values for Ca influx measurement: 24.8 nM; cAMP measurement: 500 nM
- Reverses M2 to M1 macrophage phenotype
- Alters tumor immune microenvironment and inhibits tumor growth
- Inhibits excessive VIPR2 activation, preventing cognitive impairments and neuronal damage
- Demonstrates anti-tumor activity and synergistic effects with anti-PD-1 antibodies
Medchemexpress LLC Caloxin 2A1 TFA | 99.9% | 1592.54 | 25 MG
Caloxin 2A1 TFA is an extracellular plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) peptide inhibitor. It does not affect basal Mg2+-ATPase or Na+-K+-ATPase.
- Extracellular plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) peptide inhibitor.
- Does not affect basal Mg2+-ATPase or Na+-K+-ATPase.
- Inhibits Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase in human erythrocyte leaky ghosts.
- Inhibits Ca2+-dependent formation of the 140-kDa acid-stable acylphosphate.
- Increases airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) apoptosis.
Medchemexpress LLC SAIRGA (TFA) | 99.6% | 573.64 | 1 MG
SAIRGA (TFA) is a chemical derived from the phages phi3T, capable of recognizing phAimR in the bacterial cytosol to induce lysogeny. This product is suitable for use as a laboratory chemical in the manufacture of various substances.
- Solid appearance
- Has a purity of 99.6%
- Features a molecular weight of 573.64
- Stable under recommended storage conditions
- Suitable for research applications only
- Store at -80°C for up to 2 years or -20°C for up to 1 year (powder, sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Medchemexpress LLC REDV TFA | >99.81% | 517.53 | 25 MG
REDV TFA is the minimal active sequence within the CS5 site of the alternatively spliced type III connecting segment (IIICS) region of fibronectin. It mediates adhesion to the IIICS region of plasma fibronectin by binding the integrin alpha 4 beta 1 (α4β1). This peptide can be utilized in the research of cell adhesion.
- Target: Integrin
- Pathway: Cytoskeleton
- Storage (powder): -80°C for 2 years, -20°C for 1 year (sealed, away from moisture and light)
- Storage (in solvent): -80°C for 6 months, -20°C for 1 month (sealed, away from moisture and light)
- Solubility (in vitro): H₂O: 100 mg/mL (requires ultrasonic)
- Biological activity: Mediates adhesion to the IIICS region of plasma fibronectin by binding the integrin alpha 4 beta 1(a4β1)
Medchemexpress LLC Tcmcb07 tfa | 1456699-27-6 | 99.69% | 1344.5 g/mol | 1 MG
TCMCB07 TFA is a cyclic nonapeptide, recognized as an orally active and brain-penetrant antagonist of the melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R). It is noted for its important role in cachexia and exhibits potential transport capabilities.
- Cyclic nonapeptide MC4R antagonist
- Orally active and brain-penetrant
- Important for cachexia research
- Exhibits potential transport capabilities
- Known to stimulate food intake and weight gain in rats
Medchemexpress LLC Kisspeptin 13 TFA | 98.9% | 1626.81 | 1 MG
Kisspeptin 13 TFA is the TFA salt form of Kisspeptin 13 (HY-P3641). It inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion with an IC50 of 1.2 nM. Kisspeptin 13 TFA activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, causes hyperthermia, motor behavior and anxiety in rats. This compound interacts with α2-adrenergic and 5-HT2 serotonin receptors and exhibits antidepressant efficacy. It is an activator for GPR54 and GnRH receptor, enhancing memory and being useful in Alzheimer's disease research.
- Inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion (IC50 of 1.2 nM)
- Activates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
- Causes hyperthermia, motor behavior and anxiety in rats
- Interacts with α2-adrenergic and 5-HT2 serotonin receptors
- Exhibits antidepressant efficacy
- Activator for GPR54 and GnRH receptor
- Enhances memory
- Useful in Alzheimer's disease research
Medchemexpress LLC Gsnkskpk-nh2 (TFA) | 99.9% | 843.97 (free base) | 5 MG
GSNKSKPK-NH2 TFA is a model peptide based on a c-Src N-terminal peptide, which serves as an NMT substrate.
- Purity: 99.9%
- Appearance: White to off-white solid
- Sequence: Gly-Ser-Asn-Lys-Ser-Lys-Pro-Lys-NH2
- Molecular formula: C35H65N13O11.xC2HF3O2
- Soluble in water and DMSO
Medchemexpress LLC Peptide R TFA | 98.3% | 900.08 | 5 MG
Peptide R (TFA) is a synthetic and specific CXCR4 antagonist. It exhibits outstanding capacities to remodel the tumor stroma and can be used for solid tumor research, including glioblastoma.
- Synthetic and specific CXCR4 antagonist
- Exhibits outstanding capacities to remodel the tumor stroma
- Can be used for solid tumor research, including glioblastoma
- Molecular weight is 900.08 (free base)
- Appears as a white to off-white solid
- Sequence is Arg-Ala-Cys-Arg-Phe-Phe-Cys with a disulfide bridge at Cys3-Cys7
Medchemexpress LLC Dendrotoxin-I TFA | 99.9% | 7149.24 | 500 UG
Dendrotoxin-I TFA is a potent K+ channel blocker effective against voltage-gated potassium channel subunits KV1.1, KV1.2, and KV1.6, with IC50s ranging from 0.13-50 nM. This neurotoxin holds potential in cancer research, as demonstrated by its significant tumor growth inhibition effect when combined with hyperthermia in nude mice with MCF-7 cells.
- Potent K+ channel blocker
- Effective against voltage-gated potassium channel subunits KV1.1, KV1.2, and KV1.6
- Exhibits neurotoxic properties
- Potential for use in cancer research
- Demonstrated tumor growth inhibition in in vivo studies